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Impaction is the failure of a tooth to erupt into the dental arch within the specified time. In case of discomfort or pain, the tooth will need to be extracted or exposed surgically. When your mouth lacks the space necessary to properly fit each tooth nature has provided, your dentist may suggest the tooth be removed to prevent overcrowding or damage to your other teeth. This is particularly the case with wisdom teeth that do not erupt through the gumline, and instead remain trapped (or, impacted) beneath the bone in the jaw. With this dental procedure code, the tooth in question is completely covered by a layer of bone, and is referred to as either “completely bony” or “full bony.” This is further complicated because such teeth often come in horizontally instead of vertically, causing the tooth to traject at an angle, interfering with adjacent teeth. An impacted tooth can also become infected, and it is because of these two reasons they are routinely removed.

There are two main types of tooth extraction, “simple,” and surgical. With a simple extraction, the tooth is removed using the same basic tools as with a surgical extraction, but without the need for any type of incision to the gingiva, nor segmenting of the tooth to aid in its removal. In contrast, a surgical extraction would require at least one of these two methods of enhanced extraction. Surgical extraction is covered under a separate dental code, and can also be referred to as an “open” extraction.

An ideal extraction of tooth is defined as painless removal of tooth or root of tooth from its bony attachments with minimal injuries to surrounding investing structures such that there will be minimum post operative complications. Our digital radiography systems decreases the radiographic exposure to minimal levels, our painless anesthesia delivery system like sprays, laser analgesia & microfine needle delivery systems make your dental experience painless & comfortable.

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Most forms of gum disease involve the infection and erosion of gums. In some cases, it spreads below the gums to infect the bone that supports the teeth. Gum disease is seen in various stages, from a mild condition (Gingivitis) that is easily reversible to severe forms (Periodontitis) that require more comprehensive treatment.

Signs of gum disease can be seen in certain regions or across the entire gums.These include:

Red gums

Swollen gums

Painful gums

Gums that are receding or pulling away from the teeth, making them appear longer than before

Loose or shaking teeth

Pus in the gums Bad breath which is persistent

There are a variety of treatments for gum disease depending on the stage of disease, how you may have responded to earlier treatments, and your overall health.Treatments range from nonsurgical therapies that control bacterial growth to surgery to restore supportive tissues.

Non-surgical Treatments for Gum Disease

• Professional dental cleaning: During a typical checkup your dentist or dental hygienist will remove the plaque and tartar (plaque that builds up and hardens on the tooth surface and can only be removed with professional cleaning) from above and below the gum line of all teeth. If you have some signs of gum disease, your dentist may recommend professional dental cleaning more than twice-a-year.

• Scaling and root planing: This is a deep-cleaning, nonsurgical procedure, done under a local anesthetic, whereby plaque and tartar from above and below the gum line are scraped away (scaling) and rough spots on the tooth root are made smooth (planing). Smoothing the rough spots removes bacteria and provides a clean surface for the gums to reattach to the teeth. Scaling and root planing is done if your dentist or periodontist determines that you have plaque and calculus (hardened plaque, also called tartar) under the gums that needs to be removed.

Surgical Treatments for Gum Disease

Some treatments for gum disease are surgical. Some examples are:

• Flap surgery/pocket reduction surgery:During this procedure the gums are lifted back and the tarter is removed. In some cases, irregular surfaces of the damaged bone are smoothed to limit areas where disease-causing bacteria can hide. The gums are then placed so that the tissue fits snugly around the tooth. This method reduces the size of the space between the gum and tooth, thereby decreasing the areas where harmful bacteria can grow and decreasing the chance of serious health problems associated with periodontal disease.

• Bone grafts:This procedure involves using fragments of your own bone, synthetic bone, or donated bone to replace bone destroyed by gum disease. The grafts serve as a platform for the regrowth of bone, which restores stability to teeth. New technology, called tissue engineering, encourages your own body to regenerate bone and tissue at an accelerated rate. • Soft tissue grafts. This procedure reinforces thin gums or fills in places where gums have receded. Grafted tissue, most often taken from the roof of the mouth, is stitched in place, adding tissue to the affected area. • Guided tissue regeneration. Performed when the bone supporting your teeth has been destroyed, this procedure stimulates bone and gum tissue growth. Done in combination with flap surgery, a small piece of mesh-like fabric is inserted between the bone and gum tissue. This keeps the gum tissue from growing into the area where the bone should be, allowing the bone and connective tissue to regrow to better support the teeth.

• Bone surgery: Smoothens shallow craters in the bone due to moderate and advanced bone loss. Following flap surgery, the bone around the tooth is reshaped to decrease the craters. This makes it harder for bacteria to collect and grow.

In some patients, the nonsurgical procedure of scaling and root planing is all that is needed to treat gum diseases. Surgery is needed when the tissue around the teeth is unhealthy and cannot be repaired with nonsurgical options. Antibiotic treatments can be used either in combination with surgery and other therapies, or alone, to reduce or temporarily eliminate the bacteria associated with gum disease or suppress the destruction of the tooth's attachment to the bone.

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Orthodontics is a specialization within the field of dentistry that requires additional training and certification. Orthodontic treatment is a way of straightening or moving teeth, to improve the appearance of the teeth and how they work. It can also help to look after the long-term health of your teeth, gums and jaw joints, by spreading the biting pressure over all your teeth. Orthodontic treatment involves correcting malocclusion, which is the misalignment of a bite or incorrect spacing between teeth. This is usually accomplished through the use of orthodontic braces or clear aligners such as Invisalign.

Many people have crowded or crooked teeth. Orthodontic treatment will straighten the teeth or move them into a better position. This can improve their appearance and the way the teeth bite together, while also making them easier to clean.Some people have upper front teeth that stick out and look unsightly. These 'prominent' teeth are more likely to be damaged, but orthodontic treatment can move them back into line. Or the way the upper and lower jaws meet can cause teeth to look unsightly and lead to an incorrect bite. Orthodontic treatment may be able to correct both of these problems.

When the teeth don't meet correctly, this can put strain on the muscles of the jaw, causing jaw and joint problems and sometimes headaches. Orthodontic treatment can help you to bite more evenly and reduce the strain.

Types & Procedures of Orthodontic Appliances

 1. Placement of orthodontic brackets.

2. The orthodontic wire and orthodontic brackets are connected by elastics and stainless steel wires (ligatures).

Regular dental visits are needed according to the instructions of the orthodontist. After the teeth have moved to the favorable positions, a retainer is used to hold and stabilize the teeth in these positions.

Types of Braces

a) Metal Orthodontic Braces:

Metal-wired braces are stainless steel, sometimes in combination with titanium, and are the most widely used. These include conventional braces, which require ties to hold the arch wire in place. While being the most affordable treatment, their major disadvantage is the typical metallic smile which may not be preferred.

b) Ceramic Orthodontic Braces:

Ceramic brackets are fixed and tooth colored, so they blend in with your natural teeth. This means that unlike traditional stainless metal braces, ceramic braces won't make your smile look "metallic" except for the thin wire which is visible only in close look.

c) Lingual or invisible Orthodontic Braces:

Lingual braces are placed behind your teeth, and are therefore clearly invisible to other people. Usually, lingual brackets are made of metal. The obvious benefit of this type of treatment is that no one will know that you are wearing lingual braces unless they look inside your mouth.

How long does a fixed orthodontic treatment take?

The overall duration lasts for about 1.5 to 3 years. The actual time needed depends on the complexity of treatment.

Removable orthodontic appliances are suitable for simple orthodontic treatments.

Procedures

1. Take impressions of the teeth

2. Fabricate the removable orthodontic appliance in the dental laboratory.

3. Fit in the appliance in the mouth, and activate the springs or screws.

4. Regular dental visits to check the tooth movements and adjust the appliance accordingly.

How long does a removable orthodontic treatment take?

The overall duration lasts for about 6 to 12 months. The actual time needed depends on the complexity of treatment.

Points to note on orthodontic treatments

When you are wearing an orthodontic appliance, extra attention towards oral hygiene is needed to prevent tooth decay and gum disease.

When you are wearing a removable orthodontic appliance, the appliance and teeth must be thoroughly cleaned every morning and evening before wearing it again. Leave the appliance in a cup of water when it is not worn.

Orthodontic Treatment with Invisalign

If you need orthodontic treatment, chances are Invisalign can help. Invisalign can treat a wide range of cases. The teeth-straightening process will vary from person to person, but the basic idea stays the same. Your orthodontist will take x-rays, pictures and impressions of your teeth, and then use that information to create a treatment plan. You will receive a series of custom aligners that you will change about every two weeks. Over time, your teeth will gently and gradually shift into place.

Orthodontic Treatment for Children

It is recommended by the American Association of Orthodontists that all children receive their first orthodontic consultation at age 7 when they have a mix of baby and adult teeth. An early exam allows your orthodontist to offer you guidance and advice as to treatment options and their pros and cons so that you can make an informed decision.

Although your child may still have mixed dentition (i.e. both baby teeth and adult teeth), it may be an optimal time to start braces. Some baby teeth are wider than their succeeding permanent teeth, and getting orthodontic treatment before the shedding of baby teeth can make treatment easier by preserving the extra spaces that baby teeth occupy and may avoid the need to remove teeth in the future to create spaces for teeth alignment.

In addition, when a child is under active growth, it may be possible to use orthodontic appliances such as jaw expanders to modify his/her jaw growth and movement. Since each child's situation is different, it is best to take him/her to an orthodontist for consultation on the appropriate treatment.

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Bonding is an alternative to veneers and can be used as a restorative procedure for teeth that are chipped, cracked, discolored, or disarranged.

The bonding procedure can often be completed in a single office visit and can significantly improve the appearance of a tooth. However, since the plastic resin used is not as strong as your natural tooth enamel, it is more likely to stain, chip, or break than natural teeth. Bonding typically lasts three to five years before need of repair.Bonding, also known as bonded restoration, is a painless way to make minor repairs to teeth. In most cases, several teeth can be bonded in one dental visit. Bonding uses tooth-colored material, called composite resin. Composite resin is put on the tooth, then shaped and hardened with light.

The dentist places a matrix between the tooth being treated and its neighboring tooth. A matrix is a thin, clear plastic film that protects other teeth from stray composite resin.He then puts a mild chemical on the tooth to make it a little rough. This helps the composite resin to bond or stick to the enamel of your tooth. The composite resin that matches the color of your natural teeth is chosen so that the bonding blends in with your teeth. Next step is to put the composite resin on your tooth in layers. A light is used to harden each layer of the composite resin. After the last layer of composite resin is hardened, the dentist shapes and polishes it to form your tooth. The finished tooth looks natural and smooth. At your next dental visit, the dentist will examine the bonding and polish it if needed.