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These third molars are the last teeth to develop. While sometimes these teeth may erupt and not cause the patient any issues, more often than not these teeth either don’t fully erupt or aren’t properly aligned. This causes them to become impacted between the gums and the jawbone, which will also affect the health of surrounding teeth.

When the wisdom teeth get impacted in the gums you need to get the help of an oral surgeon.In this case,the gum needs to be cut and opened to remove the teeth. This is done under anesthesia. Once the teeth are removed the oral surgeon places stitches in the mouth. This surgery is usually performed on wisdom teeth but can also be carried out on the other teeth as well.

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The more severe form of gum disease is called Periodontitis. When you reach this stage, your gums begin to pull away from your teeth. Pockets form between your teeth and gums. These fill with germs and pus, and deepen. When this happens, you may need gum surgery to save your teeth. If nothing is done, the infection goes on to destroy the bone around your teeth. The teeth may start to move or get loose. Your teeth may fall out or need to be pulled.

Diabetes can affect your whole body, including your mouth. So you’ll want to take special care of your teeth and gums. It’s also important to manage your blood sugar. Over time, increased levels of blood glucose can put you at risk for oral health problems. Research shows that there is an increased prevalence of gum disease among those with diabetes, adding serious gum disease to the list of other complications associated with diabetes, such as heart disease, stroke and kidney disease

If your blood glucose levels are poorly controlled, you are more likely to develop serious gum disease and lose more teeth than non-diabetics. Like all infections, serious gum disease may be a factor in causing blood sugar to rise and may make diabetes harder to control.

Other oral problems associated to diabetes include: thrush, an infection caused by fungus that grows in the mouth, and dry mouth which can cause soreness, ulcers, infections and cavities.

First and foremost, control your blood glucose level. Then, take good care of your teeth and gums, along with regular checkups every six months. To control thrush, a fungal infection, maintain good diabetic control, avoid smoking and, if you wear them, remove and clean dentures daily. Good blood glucose control can also help prevent or relieve dry mouth caused by diabetes.

Watch out for:

• Dry mouth, which can lead to soreness, ulcers, infections, and tooth decay.

• Inflammation in your gums.

• Thrush. People with diabetes who often take antibiotics to fight infections are more likely to get this fungal infection of the mouth and tongue. The fungus thrives on the high levels of sugar in the saliva of people with uncontrolled diabetes. It can give your mouth and tongue a burning feeling.

If you have diabetes, follow these steps:

• Control your blood glucose.

• Brush and floss every day.

• Visit your dentist regularly. Be sure to tell your dentist that you have diabetes.

• Tell your dentist if your dentures (false teeth) do not fit right, or if your gums are sore.

• Quit smoking. Smoking makes gum disease worse. Your physician or dentist can help you quit.

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If you are missing, or need to remove all teeth in one or both jaws, implants may allow you to have a fixed full-arch bridge fabricated as well.

As an alternative to wearing a full denture (if there is adequate bone or bone augmentation procedures can be performed to grow sufficient bone) multiple implants can be placed across the jawbone to provide support for a fixed bridge. This procedure is similar to those described for single or multiple implants but requires careful diagnosis, planning and coordination before treatment begins. This attention to detail will ensure that an appropriate number of implants can safely be placed in positions that will allow your dentist to fabricate a bridge which will meet your needs and expectations.

The number of implants necessary for a full-arch fixed bridge varies depending on your particular anatomy, the opposing teeth, the type of bridge you want to have placed and the number of teeth you want or need to replace with the prosthesis. A full arch of implants can be placed when you are already missing all teeth in one of your jaws. If you have teeth remaining, they may need to be removed as a first step before implant surgery can proceed, or sometimes the teeth may be extracted and implants placed immediately after the teeth have been removed. If there are teeth remaining, you may be able to have a temporary fixed-bridge made by your dentist to help transition from your own teeth to implants. In this scenario (while the implants are healing), the temporary bridge stays in place which allows chewing, speaking and smiling - all without having to wear a removable denture. If it is not possible to retain enough teeth to support a fixed bridge while the implants are healing, then you may need to wear a removable denture temporarily.

Usually, you will be advised by your dentist to refrain from wearing the denture for a period of time (customarily two weeks) after the implants has been placed. This allows the gums to heal without being disturbed. In recent years, we have learned that it is often possible to place a full arch of implants and connect them to a fixed bridge (usually temporary) in what is known as immediate loading - which means the implants are receiving "load" from chewing forces as soon as they are placed.

This newer procedure is highly successful but there are certain requirements for its success. This technique requires careful planning and coordination by your dentist and surgeon and as with all treatment, you should discuss all of your options and alternatives with your dentist and decide together which may be the best and most appropriate for you.

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A dental crown can be described as a tooth shaped ‘cap’ that is placed over the remaining part of your natural tooth. It helps to prevent teeth from gum diseases, maintain good oral health and protect other teeth. Crowns, or caps, are used to restore broken or cracked teeth. The new metal-free crowns eliminate the ugly black line you may have seen next to the gum line on older crowns.

For decades the standard in dentistry for crown and bridge restoration materials has been the PFM (porcelain-fused-to-metal). The framework for the dental crown was produced in metal and then covered with a porcelain layer.

Now with the evolution of all ceramic materials and their higher esthetic qualities, dental patients have options. Metal free framework beneath the porcelain gives excellent aesthetic qualities to make the final restoration extremely natural looking.

When a tooth is mostly made of filling, or is heavily broken down, the best option for restoring it is by placing a crown. A dental crown can protect your tooth from various oral health problems and diseases such as gingivitis, decay and gum infections. The main benefits of dental crowns are listed below.

• A crown can restore a worn down, decayed and heavily broken tooth.

• It can protect a weak or cracked tooth from breaking.

• A dental crown can support and cover a tooth with a large filling.

• A crown can cover a severely discoloured and misshapen tooth.

Types of ceramic crowns The choice of material in making of dental crowns depends on the case itself.It is defined by the starting point (current condition) and the final result of the case.

Full ceramics, zircon-oxide ceramic and metal ceramic crowns are the most common answer in restoration of a lost dental tissue.

Ceramic in these types of dental crowns fulfils important criteria:

• aesthetic

• biocompatibility

• articulation

• stability

• endurance

• abrasion

So called abrasive ceramic is ceramic where the degree of abrasion is higher than initial ceramics, thus having achieved excellent compatibility with dental enamel. Also, the factor of mastication is satisfied, because the degree of teeth consumption is similar to the natural teeth.

Full ceramic crowns

Mostly used in cases, which require high aesthetic degree, especially with frontal teeth.Characterised by light transmission, thus ideally imitating natural structures of teeth.Unlike zircon-oxide and metal ceramic crowns, firmness of full ceramic crowns is not high, which makes it perfect choice for frontal and not lateral teeth.

Zircon-oxide ceramic crowns

Best choice when high aesthetic is required. They replace full ceramic crowns when the tooth’s natural colour is darker, because their light transmission is low.They can be used in smaller prosthetic bridges. Zircon-oxide is not suitable material for larger bridges for insufficient elasticity (possibility of ceramic crack).